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Investigation of bubble diameter and flow regime between water and dilute aqueous ethanol solutions in an airlift reactor

Baharak SAJJADI, Mostafa Keshavarz MORAVEJI, Reza DAVARNEJAD

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 194-202 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1019-2

Abstract: hold-up and flow regimes were investigated in an airlift reactor.This trend continued to inlet gas velocity of about 0.4 cm/s.flow regime occurred after this datum although in pure water, a homogenous flow regime was observed upto a superficial gas velocity of 0.7 cm/s.The gas hold-up in dilute ethanol solutions were more than (around 2 times) that of pure water and increased

Keywords： airlift rector bubble diameter gas hold-up flow regime ethanol

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Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for regenerative medicine

Shihua Wang, Xuebin Qu, Robert Chunhua Zhao

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 372-378 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0164-4

Abstract: Regenerative medicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field of research that uses several technological approaches including stem cells to repair tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of adult stem cell, have generated a great amount of interest over the past decade in this field. Numerous studies have explored the role of MSCs in tissue repair and modulation of allogeneic immune responses. The mechanisms through which MSCs exert their therapeutic potential rely on some key properties of the cells as follows: the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, endothelial, and neuronal cells; the ability to secrete multiple bioactive molecules capable of stimulating the recovery of injured cells and inhibiting inflammation; the lack of immunogenicity; and the ability to perform immunomodulatory functions. In the present review, we focus on these three aspects upon which the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mainly based. Furthermore, some pathological conditions under which the application of MSCs should be done with caution are also mentioned.

Keywords： mesenchymal stem cells differentiation immunomodulation regenerative medicine

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Structure controlling and process scale-up in the fabrication of nanomaterials

Chunzhong LI,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 18-25 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0305-3

Abstract: The research on process engineering and scale-up will be very important for the commercial production

Keywords： scale-up significant commercial electroanalytical engineering laboratory

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BUEES: a bottom-up event extraction system

Xiao DING,Bing QIN,Ting LIU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015, Volume 16, Issue 7, Pages 541-552 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400405

Abstract: In this paper, we present BUEES, a bottom-up event extraction system, which extracts events from the

Keywords： Event extraction Unsupervised learning Bottom-up

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Working Up Green, and Living Up Green

Ji-shan He

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2014, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 2-2 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014002

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What will the future hold for artificial organs in the service of assisted reproduction: prospects and

Mara Simopoulou, Konstantinos Sfakianoudis, Petroula Tsioulou, Anna Rapani, Polina Giannelou, Nikolaos Kiriakopoulos, Agni Pantou, Nikolaos Vlahos, George Anifandis, Stamatis Bolaris, Konstantinos Pantos, Michael Koutsilieris

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 6, Pages 627-638 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0697-5

Abstract: Assisted reproduction provides a wide spectrum of treatments and strategies addressing infertility. However, distinct groups of infertile patients with unexplained infertility, congenital disorders, and other complex cases pose a challenge in fertilization (IVF) practices. This special cohort of patients is associated with futile attempts, IVF overuse, and dead ends in management. Cutting edge research on animal models introduced this concept, along with the development of artificial organs with the aim to mimic the respective physiological functions in reproduction. Extrapolation on clinical application leads to the future use of infertility management in humans. To date, the successful clinical application of artificial reproductive organs in humans is not feasible because further animal model studies are required prior to clinical trials. The application of these artificial organs could provide a solution to infertility cases with no other options. This manuscript presents an overview on the current status, future prospects, and considerations on the potential clinical application of artificial ovary, uterus, and gametes in humans. This paper presents how the IVF practice landscape may be shaped and challenged in the future, along with the subsequent concerns in assisted reproductive treatments.

Keywords： artificial ovary artificial uterus artificial gametes assisted reproduction considerations in vitro fertilization

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Jack up reliability analysis: An overview

Ahmad IDRIS, Indra Sati Hamonangan HARAHAP, Montasir Osman Ahmed ALI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 504-514 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0443-5

Abstract: Jack up is a mobile unit used for oil and gas exploration and production in offshore fields.On demand, the unit is moved and installed in a given location and used for a period up to 12 monthsoperation is evaluated in accordance with the guidelines of Site Specific Assessment (SSA) of jack upsubject to stochastic excitation, this study aims at providing a review on the past developments in jack up

Keywords： jack up reliability analysis uncertainty analysis review of jack up

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Performance of a novel bent-up bars system not interacting with concrete

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI, Hesam VARAEE

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 6, Pages 1301-1315 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0552-4

Abstract: The proposed method uses a new reinforcement bar system having bent-up bars, covered with rubber tubesThis technique will avoid interaction of bent-up bars with concrete.The compressive force in the upper point of the bent-up bars is exerted to the end point of these bars

Keywords： bending capacity rubber tube stress transfer bent-up bars ductility cracking

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Scale up of reactors for carbon dioxide reduction

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 116-122 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2178-7

Abstract: we examine some of the major challenges, demonstrating some promising strategies towards such scale-up

Keywords： CO₂ reduction electrochemical cell electrosynthesis upscaling

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Scaling up of cluster beam deposition technology for catalysis application

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 1360-1379 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2101-7

Abstract: Although the wet chemistry method has been widely used to synthesize nanoparticles, the gas-phase synthesislatest progress on three types of cluster source which have the most promising potential for scale-up, including sputtering gas aggregation source, pulsed microplasma cluster source, and matrix assemblyWhile the sputtering gas aggregation source is leading ahead with a production rate of ~20 mg·h^{–At the end of the review, the possible routes for further throughput scale-up are envisaged.}

Keywords： nanoparticle cluster cluster beam deposition magnetron sputtering heterogeneous catalysis

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The build up of teams of professionals is the most urgent task for engineering management in China

Zhang Shourong

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages 36-38

Abstract: reviewing the current situation of engineering management in China, the author realized that the build upprofessionals is the most urgent task for engineering management in China, and specific suggestions for build up

Keywords： engineering management build up of teams of professionals up grading

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Analysis of catchment evapotranspiration at different scales using bottom-up and top-down approaches

Xiangyu XU, Dawen YANG,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 65-77 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0002-9

Abstract: ., bottom-up approach) and a simple water-energy balance model (i.e., top-down approach) are used toFrom the analysis at different time scales through comparison of the top-down and the bottom-up methods

Keywords： catchment evapotranspiration distributed hydrological model water-energy balance model top-down and bottom-up

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HHT-based crack identification method for start-up rotor

Bing LI, Chunlin ZHANG, Zhengjia HE

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2012, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 300-304 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0328-1

Abstract:

This paper presents a crack identification method for start-up rotor based on the Hilbert-Huang transformHHT is employed to detect the shallower crack, and is then tested during the start-up process of the

Keywords： cracked rotor start-up Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT)

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CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431

Abstract:

China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.

To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.

Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.

Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).

With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).

We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.

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Deciphering the effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1385-z

Abstract:

• UASB reactor can work efficiently with high COD/SO₄²^- ratios when SDBS exists.

Keywords： Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket Organic sulfur Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate COD/SO₄